BASIC COMMON ENGLISH
Monday (Senin) Tuesday (Selasa) Wednesday (Rabu) Thursday (Kamis) Friday (Jumat) Saturday (Sabtu) Sunday (Minggu/Ahad)
January,
February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November,
December.
Spring (musim semi) Summer (musim panas) Fall / Autumn (musim
gugur) Winter
(musim dingin)
morning (pagi), afternoon (sore), evening (malam), night (malam), day (siang), week (pekan), weekend (akhir pekan), fortnight (dua mingguan), month (bulan), season (musim), year (tahun), decade (dekade), century (abad), millenium (milenium).
instant (langsung), moment (saat), while (sedang), a short time (sejenak), some time (terkadang), a long time (waktu yang lama), a lifetime (seumur hidup), an eternity (abadi), forever (selamanya)
yesterday (kemarin), today (hari ini), tomorrow (besok), this morning (pagi ini), tomorrow morning (besok pagi), last night (tadi malam), tonight (malam ini), tomorrow night (besok malam), yesterday afternoon (kemarin sore), this afternoon (sore ini), tomorrow afternoon (besok sore), last week (pekan lalu), this week (pekan ini), next week (pekan depan), weekend (akhir pekan), sunrise (terbitnya matahari),
sunset
(terbenamnya
matahari), noon
(siang),
midnight (tengah malam), three days ago (tiga hari yang
lalu), the
day before yesterday
(kemarin dulu), three
weeks ago
(tiga pekan yang lalu), the day after tomorrow (besok lusa).
Secara umum bilangan dalam bahasa
Inggris dibedakan atas dua yaitu bilangan biasa (cardinal numbers) dan bilangan bertingkat (ordinal numbers).
Cardinal
numbers (bilangan biasa)
Daftar bilangan biasa dari 1 sampai 1.000.000
1
|
one
|
11
|
eleven
|
21
|
twenty-one
|
2
|
two
|
12
|
twelve
|
22
|
twenty-two
|
3
|
three
|
13
|
thirteen
|
23
|
twenty-three
|
4
|
four
|
14
|
fourteen
|
24
|
twenty-four
|
5
|
five
|
15
|
fifteen
|
25
|
twenty-five
|
6
|
six
|
16
|
sixteen
|
26
|
twenty-six
|
7
|
seven
|
17
|
seventeen
|
27
|
twenty-seven
|
8
|
eight
|
18
|
eighteen
|
100
|
a/one hundred
|
9
|
nine
|
19
|
nineteen
|
1,000
|
a/one thousand
|
10
|
ten
|
20
|
twenty
|
1,000,000
|
a/one million
|
Ratusan dan puluhan biasanya dipisahkan dengan “and” (dalam
bahasa Inggris Amerika “and” tidak diperlukan).
110 – one hundred and ten
1,250 – one thousand, two
hundred and fifty
2,001 – two thousand and
one
Ratusan
Gunakan 100 selalu dengan
“a” atau “one”
100 – a hundred / one
hundred
“a” hanya ditempatkan di
awal sebuah bilangan
100 – a hundred / one
hundred
2,100 – two thousand, one
hundred
Ribuan
dan Jutaan
Gunakan 1.000 dan 1.000.000
selalu dengan “a” atau “one”.
1,000 – a thousand / one
thousand
201,000 – two hundred and
one thousand
Gunakan koma sebagai
pemisah.
57,458,302
Tunggal
atau Jamak
Bilangan biasanya
dituliskan dalam bentuk tunggal.
two hundred Euros
several thousand light
years
Bentuk jamak hanya
digunakan dengan dozen, hundred,
thousand, million, billion, jika tidak dimodifikasi oleh bilangan atau
ungkapan lain (seperti a few / several).
hundreds of Euros
thousands of light years
Ordinal numbers (bilangan bertingkat)
Daftar bilangan bertingkat
dari 1 sampai 1.000.000
1st
|
first
|
11th
|
eleventh
|
21st
|
twenty-first
|
2nd
|
second
|
12th
|
twelfth
|
22nd
|
twenty-second
|
3rd
|
third
|
13th
|
thirteenth
|
23rd
|
twenty-third
|
4th
|
fourth
|
14th
|
fourteenth
|
24th
|
twenty-fourth
|
5th
|
fifth
|
15th
|
fifteenth
|
25th
|
twenty-fifth
|
6th
|
sixth
|
16th
|
sixteenth
|
26th
|
twenty-sixth
|
7th
|
seventh
|
17th
|
seventeenth
|
27th
|
twenty-seventh
|
8th
|
eighth
|
18th
|
eighteenth
|
100th
|
one hundredth
|
9th
|
ninth
|
19th
|
nineteenth
|
1,000th
|
one thousandth
|
10th
|
tenth
|
20th
|
twentieth
|
1,000,000th
|
one millionth
|
Penulisan
bilangan bertingkat
Cukup tambahkan th pada bilangan biasa
- four – fourth
- eleven – eleventh
Pengecualian:
- two – second
- three – third
- five – fifth
- eight – eighth
- nine – ninth
- twelve – twelfth
Pada bilangan bertingkat
yang kompleks, perhatikan bahwa hanya angka terakhir yang dituliskan sebagai
bilangan bertingkat:
- 421st = four hundred and twenty-first
- 5,111th = five thousand, one hundred and eleventh
Penulisan
dalam angka
Jika dituliskan sebagai
angka, dua huruf terakhir dari kata yang ditulis ditambahkan ke bilangan
bertingkat:
- first = 1st
- second = 2nd
- third = 3rd
- fourth = 4th
- twenty-sixth = 26th
- hundred and first = 101st
Penulisan
dalam Titel
Dalam nama raja-raja dan
ratu, bilangan bertingkat dituliskan dalam angka Romawi. Dalam bahasa Inggris
lisan, the digunakan sebelum
bilangan bertingkat.
- Charles II – Charles the Second
- Edward VI – Edward the Sixth
- Henry VIII – Henry the Eighth
Pengucapan
nomor telpon
Masing-masing angka
disebutkan terpisah.
- 24 – two four
Angka 0 disebut oh.
- 105 – one oh five
Berhenti setelah gabungan 3
atau 4 angka (gabungan terakhir).
- 376 4705 – three seven six, four seven oh five
Jika dua angka yang
berdekatan sama, dalam bahasa Inggris Britis kita biasanya menggunakan kata
double (dalam bahasa Inggris Amerika kita cukup mengucapkannya dua kali)
- 376 4775 – Inggris British: three seven six, four double seven five
- 376 4775 – Inggris Amerika: three seven six, four seven seven five
Macam-macam
penyebutan angka ‘0?
nought
|
-
|
secara umum (bahasa
Inggris British)
|
zero
|
-
|
secara umum (bahasa
Inggris Amerika)
|
oh
|
-
|
apabila masing-masing
angka disebutkan secara terpisah (misal: dalam nomor telpon, rekening, dll.)
|
nil
|
-
|
skor permainan, misal:
sepakbola (Inggris British)
|
love
|
-
|
Dalam bahasa
Inggris British, hari biasanya dituliskan sebelum bulan. Jika kita mau, kita
bisa menambahkan akhiran bilangan bertingkat (st, nd, rd, atau th). Preposisi of sebelum bulan biasanya dihilangkan. Kita bisa memasang
tanda koma sebelum
tahun, tetapi ini tidak umum lagi dalam bahasa Inggris British.
Contoh:
5(th) (of) October(,) 2004
Bahasa
Inggris Amerika
Dalam bahasa
Inggris Amerika kita juga bisa menuliskan tanggal hanya dengan menggunakan
angka. Bentuk yang paling umum adalah:
Contoh:
5/10/04 atau 5-10-04
Perlu
diperhatikan bahwa 5/10/04 biasanya berarti tanggal 5 Oktober 2004 dalam bahasa
Inggris Britis, dan dalam bahasa Inggris Amerika bisa berarti tanggal 10 Mei
2004. Untuk menghindari kerancuan ini, anda harus mengeja bulan atau
menggunakan singkatan.
Tanggal dalam bahasa Inggris lisan
Jika kita
menempatkan hari sebelum bulan, gunakan the sebelum hari dan preposisi of sebelum bulan.
5 October
2004 – the fifth of October, two thousand and four
Jika kita
menempatkan bulan sebelum hari, gunakan the sebelum hari (bahasa inggris British) atau the bisa dihilangkan (bahasa inggris Amerika).
October 5,
2004 – October (the) fifth, two thousand and four
Cara
mengucapkan tahun
Mulai tahun
2000 ke atas, tahun dieja seperti bilangan biasa.
2000 – two
thousand
2003 – two
thousand and three
Untuk tahun
2000 ke belakang, tahun dieja berbeda: dua angka pertama adalah satu bilangan
dan dua angka terakhir adalah satu bilangan. Kedua satuan bilangan ini bisa
digabungkan dengan hundrend and, yang sebenarnya hanya perlu jika dua angka
terakhir adalah 00 sampai 09.
1999 –
nineteen (hundred and) ninety-nine
1806 –
eighteen hundred and six / eighteen oh six
Jika kita
ingin menggunakan tahun tanpa tanggal pasti, gunakan preposisi in:
I was born
in 1972.
Untuk
membedakan tanggal sebelum dan setelah Maserhi, gunakan BC dan AD:
BC = ‘Before
Christ’ (Sebelum Masehi)
AD = ‘Anno
Domini’ (Masehi)
Untuk
menyatakan waktu dalam bahasa Inggris, ada dua cara yang umum digunakan, yakni
cara formal yang lebih mudah dan cara yang lebih populer.
1.
Cara formal yang lebih mudah
Mendahulukan
pengucapan jam lalu diikuti dengan menit.
Contoh:
8:45 – eight forty-five
Untuk menit
01 sampai 09, angka 0 bisa dilafalkan sebagai oh
Contoh:
12:07 – twelve (oh) seven
2.
Cara yang lebih populer
Menit
diucapkan terlebih dahulu kemudian diikuti dengan jam. Untuk menit 01 sampai
menit 30, setelah mengucapkan menit yang lewat kita mengucapkan past dan jam sebelumnya.
Contoh:
9.15 – fifteen minutes past nine (menit
ke-15 masuk dalam rentang menit 01-30)
Sedangkan
untuk menit 31 sampai 59, setelah mengucapkan menit yang tersisa kita
mengucapkan to dan jam
selanjutnya.
Contoh:
9.45 – fifteen minutes to ten (menit
ke-45 masuk dalam rentang menit 31-59)
Pengucapan
lain untuk “fifteen minutes past” adalah “a quarter past”
Pengucapan
lain untuk “fifteen minutes to” adalah “a quarter to”
Pengucapan
lain untuk “30 minutes past” adalah “half past”
Contoh:
5:30 – half past five (atau thirty minutes past five)
Untuk lebih
memudahkan perhatikan gambar berikut:
Catatan:
o’clock
digunakan hanya untuk pukul tepat.
Contoh:
8:00 – eight o’clock (tetapi 8:10 =
ten past eight)
Dalam
percakapan bahasa Inggris biasa, digunakan sistem penulisan 24 jam.
Contoh:
17:20 – twenty past five
Untuk waktu
sekitar tengah malam atau tengah hari kita bisa menggunakan ungkapan midnight
atau midday/noon bukan angka 12.
Contoh:
00:00 – midnight
Contoh:
12:00 – midday atau noon
Untuk
memperjelas apakah yang anda maksudkan adalah waktu sebelum jam 12 atau
sesudahnya, kita bisa menggunakan in the morning, in the afternon, in the
evening, at night. Gunakan in the morning sebelum jam 12 siang, dan gunakan in
the afternoon setelah jam 12 siang.
Contoh:
3:15 – a quarter past three in the morning ATAU
a quarter past three at night
Pengungkapan
yang lebih formal untuk menunjukkan apakah sebuah waktu yang dimaksud sebelum
siang atau setelah siang adalah a.m. (ante merediem – antara pukul 00.00 sampai
12.00 siang) dan p.m. (post meridiem – antara pukul 12.00 siang sampai 00.00).
Pengucapan seperti ini harus dirangkai dengan cara formal dalam mengucapkan
waktu.
Contoh:
3:15 – three fifteen a.m.
Tidak lazim
menggunakan a.m. dan p.m. dengan past atau to.
Contoh:
3:15 – fifteen minutes past three ATAU a quarter past three
Bahasa
Inggris Amerika
Selain past orang Amerika sering menggunakan after.
Contoh:
06:10 – ten past/after six
Tetapi dalam
menyatakan waktu dengan half past, tidak lazim mengganti past dengan after.
Selain to
orang Amerika sering menggunakan before, of atau till.
Contoh:
05:50 – ten to/before/of/till six
Rujukan:
<a href=”http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/vocabulary/time” target=”_blank”
rel=”nofollow”>ego4u</a>
father =
ayah
dad = ayah
mother = ibu
mum, mummy, mom (american) = ibu
parent = orang tua (salah satu)
parents = kedua orang tua
child = anak
children = anak (jamak)
son = putra
daughter = putri
brother = saudara lelaki
sister = saudara perempuan
grandfather = kakek
granddad, grandpa = kakek
grandmother = nenek
grandma, granny = nenek
grandson = cucu lelaki
granddaughter = cucu perempuan
grandchild = cucu
uncle = paman
aunt = bibi
nephew = keponakan laki-laki
niece = keponakan perempuan
boyfriend = teman lelaki (pacar)
girlfriend = teman perempuan (pacar)
fiance = lelaki yang sudah bertunangan
fiancee = perempuan yang sudah bertunangan
bride = pengantin perempuan
groom, bridgeroom = pengantin lelaki
wife = istri
husband = suami
spouse = suami/istri
father-in-law = bapak mertua
mother-in-law = ibu mertua
parents-in-law = mertua
son-in-law = menantu (laki-laki)
daughter-in-law = menantu (perempuan)
brother-in-law = ipar (lelaki)
sister-in-law = ipar (perempuan)
dad = ayah
mother = ibu
mum, mummy, mom (american) = ibu
parent = orang tua (salah satu)
parents = kedua orang tua
child = anak
children = anak (jamak)
son = putra
daughter = putri
brother = saudara lelaki
sister = saudara perempuan
grandfather = kakek
granddad, grandpa = kakek
grandmother = nenek
grandma, granny = nenek
grandson = cucu lelaki
granddaughter = cucu perempuan
grandchild = cucu
uncle = paman
aunt = bibi
nephew = keponakan laki-laki
niece = keponakan perempuan
boyfriend = teman lelaki (pacar)
girlfriend = teman perempuan (pacar)
fiance = lelaki yang sudah bertunangan
fiancee = perempuan yang sudah bertunangan
bride = pengantin perempuan
groom, bridgeroom = pengantin lelaki
wife = istri
husband = suami
spouse = suami/istri
father-in-law = bapak mertua
mother-in-law = ibu mertua
parents-in-law = mertua
son-in-law = menantu (laki-laki)
daughter-in-law = menantu (perempuan)
brother-in-law = ipar (lelaki)
sister-in-law = ipar (perempuan)
Dialog:
A:
How many brothers and sisters do you have?
B: I have 5 brothers and 2 sisters.
B: I have 5 brothers and 2 sisters.
A:
What number are you?
B: – I am the oldest (of five children)
- I am the youngest
- I am the sixth child
B: – I am the oldest (of five children)
- I am the youngest
- I am the sixth child
A:
Anty doesn’t have any brothers or sisters.
B: Yes, and Jabir is an only child.
B: Yes, and Jabir is an only child.
A:
How many children do you have?
B: We have two. One son and one daughter.
B: We have two. One son and one daughter.
A: Do
you have any kids?
B: No. I’m not married.
B: No. I’m not married.
DASAR 1
“To be” simple present (am, is, are) dan personal pronoun
1.
Personal Pronouns (Kata ganti Orang/benda)
Personal pronouns adalah
kata ganti yang menggantikan orang atau sesuatu yang kita bicarakan. Personal
pronoun dalam bahasa Inggris mencakup:
Tunggal
I (saya)
You (kamu)
He (dia laki-laki)
She (dia perempuan)
It (dia benda)
|
Jamak
We (kami/kita)
You (kalian)
They (mereka)
|
2.
Kata kerja “to be”
Kata kerja “be” berarti
ada.
Kata kerja ini merupakan
kata kerja penghubung, yang menghubungkan sebuah subjek dan sesuatu yang
terhubung dengan subjek tersebut. Bentuk present simple dari “to be” adalah
sebagai berikut:
Tunggal
I am
You are
He is
She is
It is
|
Jamak
We are
You are
They are
|
3.
Kalimat Dasar
Bahasa Inggris merupakan
bahasa SPO (Subjek Predikat Objek) – yang berarti bahwa kalimat-kalimat
tersusun atas subjek terlebih dahulu, lalu kata kerja, dan terakhir objek.
Dengan menggunakan grammar di atas sekarang kita bisa membuat kalimat dasar
dalam bahasa Inggris, misalnya:
- I am a teacher (saya seorang guru)
- She is happy (dia bahagia)
- They are students (mereka adalah siswa)
Contoh
penggunaan dalam dialog:
(1) Hi, Sylvia! How are you?
I am fine, thanks. How are you?
I am very well!
I am fine, thanks. How are you?
I am very well!
(2) Hi, my name is Tyler.
Nice to meet you, Tyler. My name is Sylvia.
It is nice to meet you too. Sylvia.
Nice to meet you, Tyler. My name is Sylvia.
It is nice to meet you too. Sylvia.
(3) Hi, Tyler! How are you?
Oh, I am OK. How about you?
I am great, thanks.
Oh, I am OK. How about you?
I am great, thanks.
(4) What is your name?
My name is Tyler Saunders. What’s your name?
My name is Sylvia. It is nice to meet you, Tyler.
Nice to meet you too. Where are you from?
I am from China.
My name is Tyler Saunders. What’s your name?
My name is Sylvia. It is nice to meet you, Tyler.
Nice to meet you too. Where are you from?
I am from China.
Kosa
kata baru dalam dialog-dialog di atas:
I = saya
you = kamu/anda name = nama meet = bertemu thank = terima kasih |
what = apa
where = dimana how = bagaimana China = Cina |
Contoh:
1 am, she is, he is, you are, we are, they are, john is,
mary is, love is, birds are.
He is a doctor, she is a girl, I am
a teacher, you are my sisiter, we are boys, marry and I are students, they are
birds, Bob and Alice are doctors, It is a car, John is a firefighter, They are
apples, We are students.
1.
Hi,
Sylvia! How are you?, I’m fine, thanks. How are you?, I’m very
well, 2. Hi,my name’s tyler, Nice to meet you, Tyler. My name's
Sylvia. It's nice to meet you too, Sylvia. 3.Hi, Tyler! How are you? Oh,
I'm OK. How about you?, I’ great, thanks. 4. Excuse me, what's your
name? my name is sylivia. It's nice to meet you, Tyler. Nice to meet
you too.
“To be” simple present: bentuk negatif dan bertanya
1. Bentuk negatif Simple Present – kata kerja “to be”
Kalimat negatif dan
pertanyaan bentuk simple present yang menggunakan kata kerja “to be” terbentuk
secara berbeda dengan pertanyaan-pertanyaan lain. Untuk membuat kalimat negatif
kita cukup menambahkan “not” sesudah kata kerja “to be”.
- Kalimat: You are a doctor
- Negatif: Your are not a doctor
- Negatif: Your are not a doctor
- Kalimat: They are cats
- Negatif: They are not cats
- Negatif: They are not cats
Berikut adalah bentuk
negatif dari kata kerja “to be” dalam bentuk Simple Present (bentuk sekarang
sederhana):
Tunggal
I am not
You are not
He is not
She is not
It is not
|
Jamak
We are not
You are not
They are not
|
2.
Pertanyaan Simple Present
Untuk membuat pertanyaan
kita cukup membalik posisi subjek dan “to be”.
- Kalimat: You are a doctor
- Pertanyaan: Are you a doctor?
- Pertanyaan: Are you a doctor?
- Kalimat: They are cats
- Pertanyaan: Are they cats?
- Pertanyaan: Are they cats?
“To be” sebagai pertanyaan
dalam bentuk Simple Present adalah sebagai berikut:
Tunggal
Am I (a teacher) ?
Are you …?
Is he …?
Is she …?
Is it …?
|
Jamak
Are we …?
Are you …?
Are they …?
|
3.
Jawaban-jawaban singkat
Kita bisa menjawa
pertanyana-pertanyaan ini dengan jawaban singkat menggunakan kata kerja “to
be”. Sebagai contoh:
- Are you a teacher?
- Yes, I am / No, I am not
- Yes, I am / No, I am not
- Is he a Student?
- Yes, he is. / No, he is not.
- Yes, he is. / No, he is not.
Perlu diperhatikan bahwa
dalam bahasa Inggris lisan kita biasanya menggunakan singkatan (contraction) untuk bentuk negatif.
Contoh:
No, I am not, bisa disingkat menjadi No, I’m not.
Singkatan-singkatan ini
akan dipelajari khusus pada unit selanjutnya.
Contoh
penggunaan dalam dialog:
(1) Sylvia, are you a teacher?
No, I’m not. I’m a doctor.
That’s great!
No, I’m not. I’m a doctor.
That’s great!
(2) So Tyler, what do you do?
I’m a businessman. How about you?
I’m a singer.
Wow, that’s great!
I’m a businessman. How about you?
I’m a singer.
Wow, that’s great!
(3) What does your friend look like, Sylvia?
Oh, he’s tall, handsome, and he has brown hair.
Is he kind?
Yes, he’s very kind. He’s really nice!
Oh, he’s tall, handsome, and he has brown hair.
Is he kind?
Yes, he’s very kind. He’s really nice!
(4) Hi, my name is Tyler. I’m tall, I’m funny,
and I’m really happy. I’m a teacher and web designer. My friend’s name is
Sylvia, she’s very cute, tall, and kind. She’s a teacher, too. She’s also
really smart. It’s nice to meet you!
Kosa kata baru:
teacher = guru
doctor = dokter great = hebat do = kerjakan/pekerjaan businessman = pebisnis singer = penyayi friend = teman look like = seperti tall = tinggi handsome = tampan |
hair = rambut
brown = coklat kind = baik funny = menyenangkan happy = bahagia/senang web designer = perancang situs cute = manis/elok smart = cerdas really = sungguh |
Contoh:
you
are not animal, john is not a girl, mike and Emily are not sick,
she is not sixteen, we are not from japan, I am not sad,
am I a student?, is it a bird?, is it a plane?, are we friends?, are they
farmers?, Are Jenny and Simon from America?
Are you
happy today?, is she a secretary?, is David
smart and handsome?, are they from Italy?, am I dreaming?, are
we good students?, Is he from Korea?,
Is it sunny?, How are you?, Is it nice to meet you?, Are David
and Peter good friends?, Are they married?
|
|
Contractions (Singkatan) “to be” simple present (am, is,
are)
1. Singkatan (am, is, are)
Banyak kata kerja memiliki bentuk-bentuk singkat yang
khususnya digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris lisan. Contoh: “I’m happy today”.
Bentuk-bentuk singkat dari kata kerja “to be” adalah sebagai berikut.
Tunggal
I am = I’m
You are = You’re
He is = He’s
She is = She’s
It is = It’s
|
Jamak
We are = We’re
You are= You’re
They are = They’re
|
Perhatikan agar tidak mencampuradukkan it’s dengan its.
It’s berarti “it is”, sedangkan its adalah bentuk kepunyaan yang
akan dipelajari pada unit selanjutnya.
2. Singkatan negatif (am, is, are)
Ada dua bentuk singkat utama untuk bentuk negatif dari kata
kerja “to be”: “You are” menjadi “You’re not” atau “you aren’t”. Sebagai
contoh:
- She is not happy = She isn’t happy = She’s not happy.
- We are not singers = We aren’t singers = We’re not singers.
- We are not singers = We aren’t singers = We’re not singers.
Bentuk-bentuk singkat dari “to be” negatif adalah sebagai
berikut:
Tunggal
I am not = I’m not =
You are not = You’re not = You
aren’t
He is not = He’s not = He isn’t
She is not = She’s not = She isn’t
It is not = It’s not = It isn’t
|
Jamak
We are = We’re not = We aren’t
You are= You’re not = You aren’t
They are = They’re not = They
aren’t
|
* Singkatan negatif “I am”
Kita bisa mengatakan “I am not”, dan kita juga bisa
mengatakan “I’m not”, tetapi kita tidak bisa mengatakan “I amn’t”.
3. Singkatan negatif (do dan does)
Bentuk negatif simple present (do/does) dapat disingkat
dengan dua cara: “do not” menjadi “don’t” dan “does not” menjadi “doesn’t”.
Contoh:
- I do not like pizza = I don’t like pizza.
- He does not drive a car = He doesn’t drive a car.
- He does not drive a car = He doesn’t drive a car.
Berikut rangkuman singkatan simple present (do/does)
Tunggal
I do not = I don’t
You do not = You don’t
He does not = He doesn’t
She does not = She doesn’t
It does not = It doesn’t
|
Jamak
We do not = We don’t
You do not = You don’t
They do not = They don’t
|
Contoh penggunaan dalam percakapan
1) I am hungry.
Me too, I’m really hungry! Let’s get some food!
Me too, I’m really hungry! Let’s get some food!
2) They are
doctors.
No they’re not, they’re teachers.
Oh, you’re right!
No they’re not, they’re teachers.
Oh, you’re right!
3) Hi Sylvia,
how’s it going?
Oh, I’m OK, but I’m so tired. I don’t want to study.
Me too, these days we’re very busy. Let’s study tomorrow. I want to go to the movies!
Oh, I don’t want to miss class. Let’s study!
You’re right, let’s go to class. Then we aren’t busy, we’re free!
That’s great!
Oh, I’m OK, but I’m so tired. I don’t want to study.
Me too, these days we’re very busy. Let’s study tomorrow. I want to go to the movies!
Oh, I don’t want to miss class. Let’s study!
You’re right, let’s go to class. Then we aren’t busy, we’re free!
That’s great!
Kosa kata baru:
hungry = lapar
let’s = mari kita get = mendapat some = beberapa food = makanan doctor = dokter right = benar OK = baik so = begitu tired= lelah |
want = ingin
study = belajar too = juga these days = akhir-akhir ini tomorrow = besok miss = ketinggalan/terlambat class = kelas busy = sibuk free = bebas |
Grammar
Exercises
Rewrite
these sentences using contractions of the verb "to be".
Example: ______ a student.
(She is) - She's a student.
1. happy today. (I am)
2. from Tokyo. (He is)
3. hungry. (We are)
4.
Kate
and I at home. (are not)
5. smart students. (They
are)
6. a beautiful picture.
(It is)
7. The weather good today. (is not)
8. You sad today. (are not)
9. We (are) Japanese
students.
10. It (is not) my book.
Grammar
Exercises
Rewrite
these sentences using contractions of the verb "to be".
Example: He ______ bread.
(not like) - He doesn't like cheese.
1. I in Canada. (not live)
2. She from Russia. (not come)
3. We TV at home. (not
watch)
4.
a pen? (you have)
5. to watch a movie?
(they want)
6. a bicycle? (he ride)
7. to the gym? (she go)
8. She to the gym. (not go)
9. a car? (they drive)
10. happy? (you feel)
Dialogue
Exercises
Example: My name is
Jeremy.
1.
I hungry.
I hungry.
Me
too, really hungry! Let's
get some food!
2.
They doctors.
They doctors.
No
not, they're
teachers.
Oh,
right!
3.
Hi Sylvia, how's it going?
Hi Sylvia, how's it going?
Oh,
I'm OK, but so tired. I want to study.
Me
too, these days very busy. Let's
study tomorrow. I want to go to the movies!
Oh,
I don't want to miss class. Let's study!
You're
right, go to class. Then we busy, we're free!
That's
great!
Simple present tense
Simple persent tense digunakan untuk membuat kalimat tentang
waktu sekarang. Bentuk waktu ini digunakan untuk kondisi-kondisi berikut.
- Fakta permanen: Kalimat-kalimat yang menyatakan
fakta yang selalu berlaku/benar.
Contoh: It is cold in winter. –
The sun shines – Fish lives in water.
- Fakta sekarang: Kalimat-kalimat yang menyatakan
fakta yang benar untuk saat sekarang.
Conth: I work at home. – She
plays piano.
“I work at home” tidak berarti saya sedang bekerja sekarang,
tetapi berarti bahwa dalam kondisi sekarang saya bekerja di rumah.
- Tindakan kebiasaan: I get
up at 5.00 – They come here every day.
Tindakan-tindakan ini diulangi secara teratur, sehingga
dianggap sebagai sebuah realita sekarang dan dinyatakan dalam Simple Present
tense.
Berikut contoh kata kerja “give” dalam Simple Present:
Tunggal
I give
You give
He gives
She gives
It gives
|
Jamak
We give
You give
They give
|
Aturan penulisan kata kerja untuk
Simple Present tense
Jika kita melihat diatas, anda akan melihat bahwa penulisan
kata kerja tidak berubah, kecuali untuk orang ketiga tunggal (He, She, It),
yakni kata kerja ditambahkan “s”. Sebagai cntoh “I eat – He eats“.
Terkadang aturan penulisan lain untuk kata kerja juga
berlaku bagi He, She dan It, yakni tidak ditambahkan “s” tetapi “es“.
Berikut aturannya:
Akhiran kata kerja
Kata kerja berakhiran -o ditambah
-es
Kata kerja berakhiran -s ditambah
-es
Kata kerja berakhiran -x ditambah
-es
Kata kerja berakhiran -ch ditambah
-es
Kata kerja berakhiran -sh ditambah
-es
—–
Kata kerja yang berakhiran huruf
konsonan dan -y sering merubah akhiran -y menjadi -ies:
Kata kerja seperti “buy” tidak memiliki konsonan sebelum
“y”, sehingga cukup ditambahkan -s
seperti biasa.
|
Contoh
do – does, go – goes
-
pass – passes, kiss – kisses
-
fix – fixes, mix – mixes
match – matches, catch – catches
-
push – pushes, rush – rushes
-
try – tries, cry – cries
-
buy – buys, pay – pays.
|
Contoh penggunaan dalam percakapan.
1) Hi, let me
tell you about my daily routine. First, I get up at 8.00, then I brush my
teeth, have a shower, and eat breakfast. I go to work at 8.50, and I start work
at 9.30. Then I have lunch at 1.00, and finish work at 5.30. I go to bed at
11.00. That’s my day!
2) Hi! My name is
Sylvia. I come from Korea. I’m 24 years old, I’m tall and I have black hair. I
like music and movies. I also like reading books. I play sports and I study
English. I’m really happy to meet you!
3) Tyler, do you
have a hobby?
Sure, I read books.
Oh, I like books as well. Do you watch TV?
Yes, I watch TV every day. I like drama and comedy programs.
I like the news. And I go to the gym as well.
Me too! Let’s go together.
That sounds great!
Kosa kata baru:
daily routine = rutinitas harian
first = pertama
get up = bangun
brush = menyikat
have = mempunyai
shower = shower
eat = makan
breakfast = sarapan pagi
go = pergi
work = bekerja
start = mulai
lunch = makan siang
finish = selesai
bed = tempat tidur
day = siang/hari
come = datang
come from = berasal dari
Korea = Korea
|
black = hitam
music = musik
movies = filem
also = juga
read = membaca
play = bermain
sports = olahraga
study = belajar
hobby = kegemaran
book = buku
watch = menonton
TV = Televisi
drama = drama
comedy = komedi
news = berita
gym = gimnastik
let’s =mari kita
together = bersama
|
Grammar
Exercises
Make
sentences using the correct form of the verb in the Present Simple.
Example: She walks
home. (walk)
1. I cereal for breakfast.
(eat)
2. She work at 9.00. (start)
3. Dave and Tim some candy. (have)
4.
Charlie
movies. (like)
5. He the piano. (play)
6. You great! (look)
Use
the correct spelling of the 3rd person singular.
-----
Note: You must finish your questions with a question mark and start your sentences with a capital letter, or these exercises will be marked as incorrect.
-----
Note: You must finish your questions with a question mark and start your sentences with a capital letter, or these exercises will be marked as incorrect.
Example: The bird flies
in the sky. (fly)
7. He homework in the
evening. (do)
8. Sarah to English class.
(go)
9. The boy the ball. (catch)
10. Jenny her family. (miss)
11. The teacher us. (teach)
12. The baby at night. (cry)
Grammar
Exercises 2
Unscramble
these sentences.
Example: She home at lives - She
lives at home.
1. I my face wash
2. she tennis plays
3. he school likes
4.
you
a ride horse
5. Cindy good food
cooks
6. a cough he has
-----
Write a self-introduction using the paragraph below. Choose your answers from these verbs using the Present Simple:
Write a self-introduction using the paragraph below. Choose your answers from these verbs using the Present Simple:
love - come - live - have
- be - go
Example: My name is
Peter. (be)
Hi!
My name Tyler and I from America. I in New York and I sports and music. I one brother and he to university. It's
nice to meet you!
Dialogue
Exercises
Example: My name is
Jeremy.
1.
Hi, let me tell you about my daily routine. First, I at 8.00, then I brush my teeth, a shower, and breakfast. I go to work at 8.50, and I start work at 9.30. Then I have lunch at 1.00, and finish work at 5.30. I go to bed at 11.00. That's my day!
Hi, let me tell you about my daily routine. First, I at 8.00, then I brush my teeth, a shower, and breakfast. I go to work at 8.50, and I start work at 9.30. Then I have lunch at 1.00, and finish work at 5.30. I go to bed at 11.00. That's my day!
2.
Hi! My name is Sylvia. I from Korea. I'm 24 years old, I'm tall and I have black hair. I like music and . I also like reading books. I play sports and I English. I'm really happy to meet you!
Hi! My name is Sylvia. I from Korea. I'm 24 years old, I'm tall and I have black hair. I like music and . I also like reading books. I play sports and I English. I'm really happy to meet you!
3.
Tyler, do you have a ?
Tyler, do you have a ?
Sure,
I read books.
Oh,
I like books as well. Do you TV?
Yes,
I watch TV every day. I like drama and comedy programs.
I
the news. And I go to
the gym as well.
Me
too! Let's together.
Preposition of place (kata depan yang menunjuk tempat)
Preposisi menunjukkan hubungan antara dua benda atau lebih.
Sebagai contoh: “The lamp is on the table” mengandung preposisi “on“.
Kata ini menunjukkan hubungan ruang antara lampu dan meja.
Preposisi tempat yang paling umum adalah: in, on, under,
next to, in front of, behind, at.
Perhatikan gambar-gambar berikut untuk mempelajari pemakaian
preposisi tempat:
in, on, under, in front of,
dan behind jelas terlihat. Contoh-contoh kalimatnya adalah:
- The dog is in the box
- The cat is under the table
- Tjhe man is next to the building
- The cat is under the table
- Tjhe man is next to the building
Akan tetapi at merupakan konsep yang lebih abstrak –
preposisi ini digunakan untuk menunjuk pada sebuah titik dalam ruang, biasanya
sebuah titik pada sebuah garis. Lihat berikut untuk penjelasan yang lebih
rinci.
In, On, At
In
digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang mengelilingi atau melingkupi kita.
Contoh:
- I sleep in my bedroom.
- The desk in the room.
- The desk in the room.
In juga
digunakan untuk area-area geografis seperti kota dan negara, misalnya: “I live
in London” atau “I live in England”.
On digunakan
untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang ada di atas sebuah permukaan. Misalnya:
- I sleep on my bed.
- The paper is on the desk.
On juga digunakan
untuk nama-nama jalan, misalnya: “I live on Orchard Roard”.
At digunakan
untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang berada pada sebuah titik tertentu, seringkali
sebagai bagian dari sebuah garis. Sebagai contoh:
- He is at the bus stop.
Bus stop (penghentian bus) merupakan sebuah titik dalam
sebuah garis yang terdiri dari beberapa penghentian bus.
- John is at the bank.
John berada pada tempat atau titik tertentu, yakni di bank.
Bank merupakan bagian dari perjalanannya dan juga bagian dari sebuah jalan,
yang mana keduanya bisa dianggap sebagai garis.
At juga digunakan
untuk alamat-alamat lengkap, contoh: “I live at 22 Orchard Road, London,
England.”
Bagaimana sebenarnya kita dapat memastikan kapan menggunakan
in, on atau at? Ini tergantung pada perspektif pembicara, dan apa yang dianggap
berterima dalam Bahasa Inggris. Ini merupakan pertanyaan yang ditemui oleh
setiap orang yang mempelajari bahasa Inggris dan mereka tidak dapat menjawab
sepenuhnya melalui hafalan atau aturan yang ada. Semakin banyak anda
mempelajari bahasa Inggris anda akan semakin berpengalaman untuk mampu
memutuskan kapan menggunakan in, on, atau at. Cukup selalu mencoba untuk
memahami, dan pada akhirnya anda akan bisa.
Contoh penggunaan dalam percakapan:
1) Excuse me,
where is the post office?
Go straight, and it’s next to the bank.
Thankyou!
Go straight, and it’s next to the bank.
Thankyou!
2) What’s your
address?
I live at 34, East 39th Street, New York.
And what’s your zip code?
My zipcode is NY 10061-2134
Thankyou.
I live at 34, East 39th Street, New York.
And what’s your zip code?
My zipcode is NY 10061-2134
Thankyou.
3) Hi Sylvia,
where’s the fruit juice?
It’s in the refrigerator!
No, it’s not. It’s not there.
Oh, sorry, it’s in the cupboard next to the soda.
Thanks. And where is the cereal?
Um, on the shelf, I think.
Great! Let’s have some breakfast!
It’s in the refrigerator!
No, it’s not. It’s not there.
Oh, sorry, it’s in the cupboard next to the soda.
Thanks. And where is the cereal?
Um, on the shelf, I think.
Great! Let’s have some breakfast!
4) Where
do you work?
I work in a bank, I’m a secretary. How about you?
I’m a shop assistant. I work at the local store.
Where’s that?
It’s the yellow building on Green Street, next to the clothes store.
I work in a bank, I’m a secretary. How about you?
I’m a shop assistant. I work at the local store.
Where’s that?
It’s the yellow building on Green Street, next to the clothes store.
Kosa kata baru
excuse me = permisi
where = dimana post office = kantor pos go straight = jalan lurus next to = di samping bank = bank address = alamat street = jalan zip code = kode pos thankyou = terima kasih where = dimana refrigerator = lemari es there = disana |
Cupboard = lemari
soda = soda shelf = rak work = bekerja bank = bank secretary = sekretaris shop assistant = penjaga toko local store = toko lokal yellow = kuning building = bangunan clothes store = toko pakaian |
Grammar Exercises
Add
one of the following prepositions: in, on, under, in front of, behind, at.
Example: He lives ______
Italy. - He lives in Italy.
1. He works a bank.
A. on
B. at
C. under
A. on
B. at
C. under
2. The lamp is the table.
A. in
B. on
C. under
A. in
B. on
C. under
3. I sleep my bedroom.
A. at
B. on
C. in
A. at
B. on
C. in
4.
He
lives 26, Rosewood Street.
A. in
B. at
C. on
A. in
B. at
C. on
5. She lives a farm.
A. at
B. on
C. behind
A. at
B. on
C. behind
6. The store is the library.
A. next to
B. on
C. in
A. next to
B. on
C. in
7. The car is the house.
A. on
B. in front of
C. under
A. on
B. in front of
C. under
8. We eat breakfast home.
A. in
B. on
C. at
A. in
B. on
C. at
9. They swim the ocean.
A. in
B. on
C. next to
A. in
B. on
C. next to
10. I live Green Street.
A. at
B. on
C. under
A. at
B. on
C. under
Grammar
Exercises 2
Unscramble
these sentences.
Example: lives in he korea - He
lives in Korea.
You
must use proper punctuation where necessary.
1. my computer is my
desk on
2. friend my is
hospital in
3. books table on are
the the
4.
tigers
in Africa live don't
5. you home at are?
6. cat the in front is
of fire the
7. cookies are the
plate on the
8. buy you food a
supermarket in
9. next it is to the
post office?
10. 32, Park Road,
London, at lives he
Dialogue
Exercises
Example: My name is
Jeremy.
1.
Excuse me, is the post office?
Excuse me, is the post office?
Go
straight, and it's the bank.
Thankyou!
2.
What's your ?
What's your ?
I
live 34, East 39th Street,
New York.
And
what's your zip code?
My
zipcode is NY 10061-2134
Thankyou.
3.
Hi Sylvia, where's the fruit juice?
Hi Sylvia, where's the fruit juice?
It's
the refridgerator!
No,
it's not. It's not there.
Oh,
sorry, it's in the cupboard the soda.
Thanks.
And where is the cereal?
Um,
the shelf, I think.
Great!
Let's have breakfast!
4.
Where do you work?
Where do you work?
I
work a bank, I'm a
secretary. How about you?
I'm
a shop assistant. I work the local store.
Where's
that?
It's
the yellow building Green Street, next to
the clothes store.
Kata Tanya
Kata tanya digunakan untuk menanyakan apa yang sedang kita
bicarakan.
Bentuk kalimat pertanyaan yang menggunakan kata tanya
mengikuti pola ini: Kata tanya + kata kerja bantu + subjek. Berikut
beberapa kata tanya dan contohnya dalam kalimat:
Kata tanya
|
Kegunaan
|
Contoh
|
What (apa)
|
Untuk menanyakan tentang sifat-sifat benda dan zat.
|
What color do you like?
What time is it? |
Where (dimana)
|
Untuk menanyakan tentang lokasi/tempat
|
Where are you?
|
Who (siapa)
|
Untuk menanyakan tentang identitas.
|
Who is he?
|
Whose (milik siapa)
|
Untuk menanyakan tentang kepemilikan
|
Whose pen is this?
|
Why (mengapa)
|
Untuk menanyakan tentang alasan dan tujuan.
|
Why are you happy?
|
When (kapan)
|
Untuk menanyakan tentang waktu.
|
When do you get up?
|
Which (yang mana)
|
Untuk menanyakan tentang sekumpulan pilihan.
|
Which one do you want?
|
How (bagaimana)
|
How memiliki beberapa kegunaan, termasuk menanyakan
tentang proses dan metode.
|
How do you make coffee?
|
Untuk membuat sebuah pertanyaan dengan menggunakan kata
tanya dalam bentuk Simple Present Tense, kita cukup membuat sebuah pertanyaan
normal, lalu menambahkan sebuah kata tanya di depannya. Sebagai contoh:
Dengan kata kerja “to be”:
- Kalimat: His name is Tyler
- Interogatif: Is his name Tyler?
- Dengan kata tanya: What is his name?
- Kalimat: His name is Tyler
- Interogatif: Is his name Tyler?
- Dengan kata tanya: What is his name?
Dengan kata kerja lain:
- Kalimat: I like flowers
- Interogatif: Do you like flowers?
- Dengan kata tanya: Why do you like flowers?
- Kalimat: I like flowers
- Interogatif: Do you like flowers?
- Dengan kata tanya: Why do you like flowers?
Contoh penggunaan dalam percakapan:
1) Tyler, what’s
your telephone number?
It’s 724-0458.
Do you have a mobile phone?
Sure, it’s 018 234 8679. Do you have a mobile?
I don’t have a mobile phone. I have an email address though.
Oh, OK. What’s your email address?
It’s sylvia@1-language.com.
Excellent, thanks!
It’s 724-0458.
Do you have a mobile phone?
Sure, it’s 018 234 8679. Do you have a mobile?
I don’t have a mobile phone. I have an email address though.
Oh, OK. What’s your email address?
It’s sylvia@1-language.com.
Excellent, thanks!
2) Hey Tyler,
what’s the time?
Er, it’s 12.18.
Tyler, when’s your doctor’s appointment?
It’s at 12.30.
Tyler?
Yes?
You’re late!
What?… Oh no!
Er, it’s 12.18.
Tyler, when’s your doctor’s appointment?
It’s at 12.30.
Tyler?
Yes?
You’re late!
What?… Oh no!
3) So firstly,
what’s your name?
It’s Sylvia Waters.
How do you spell that?
S-Y-L-V-I-A W-A-T-E-R-S
Thank you. And where do you live?
19 Rosewood Street, Toronto.
And what’s your postal code?
It’s M1C 2P3.
OK, thanks for your time, Hyun Ju.
OK, bye!
It’s Sylvia Waters.
How do you spell that?
S-Y-L-V-I-A W-A-T-E-R-S
Thank you. And where do you live?
19 Rosewood Street, Toronto.
And what’s your postal code?
It’s M1C 2P3.
OK, thanks for your time, Hyun Ju.
OK, bye!
Kosa kata baru:
telephone number = nomor telpon
mobile phone = handphone email address = alamat email excellent = bagus sekali you’re welcome = terima kasih kembali time = waktu doctor’s = dokter |
Appointment = janji
late = terlambat name = nama spell = mengeja that = itu/tersebut live = tinggal postal code = kode pos |
Grammar
Exercises
Add
the correct question word: what, when, where, who, whose, why, which, how.
Example: ______ is it? - What
is it?
1. is your name?
2. are you from?
3. are you today?
4.
is he?
5. are you tired?
6. pen is this?
7. do you get up?
8. fruit do you like,
oranges or lemons?
9. does David have?
10. old is she?
Grammar
Exercises
Complete
the questions and answers..
Example: Whose
pen is this? - It's my pen.
1. time is it?
7.30.
2. do you live?
I
in New York.
3. car is this?
my car.
4. is John?
at home.
5. are you?
fine, thanks.
Dialogue
Exercises
Example: My name is
Jeremy.
1.
Tyler, your telephone number?
Tyler, your telephone number?
It's
724-0458.
Do
you have a mobile phone?
Sure,
it's 018 234 8679. Do you a mobile?
I
don't have a mobile phone. I have an email though.
Oh,
OK. What's your email address?
It's
tyler@1-language.com.
Excellent,
thanks!
2.
Hey Tyler, what's the ?
Hey Tyler, what's the ?
Er,
it's 12.18.
Tyler,
your doctor's
appointment?
It's
at 12.30.
Tyler?
Yes?
You're
!
What?...
Oh no!
3.
So firstly, what's your name?
So firstly, what's your name?
Ha
Hyun Ju.
do you spell that?
H-A
H-Y-U-N J-A.
Thank
you. And do you ?
19
Rosewood Street, Toronto.
And
's your postal code?
It's
M1C 2P3.
OK,
thanks for your time, Hyun Ju.
OK,
bye!
Object pronouns (kata ganti objek)
Subjek adalah apa yang dimaksudkan oleh kalimat. Sebagai
contoh:
- I like rice.
Dalam kalimat ini I adalah subjek – I adalah
apa yang dimaksudkan oleh kalimat.
Objek adalah apa yang dipengaruhi oleh kerja subjek. Sebagai
contoh:
- I want a table
- I am reading a book.
- I am reading a book.
Kata ganti objek digunakan ketimbang kata benda yang
berfungsi sebagai objek, biasanya karena kita sebelumnya sudah ahu apa yang
merupakan subjek.
- My friend’s name is Hyun Ju. I really like her
- I like this book. I read it every day.
- I like this book. I read it every day.
Kata ganti subjek dan kata ganti objek adalah sebagai berikut:
Tunggal
I – Me
You – You
He – Him
She – Her
It – It
|
Jamak
We – Us
You – You
They – Them
|
Kata ganti subjek tidak lazim digunakan sendiri dalam
jawaban singkat. Kita menggunakan kata ganti objek, sebagai contoh:
- Who want some candy? Me! atau Not me!
- Who wants some candy? I atau Not I! Ini sangat tidak lazim digunakan.
- Who wants some candy? I atau Not I! Ini sangat tidak lazim digunakan.
Contoh penggunaan dalam percakapan
1) Do you know Andy?
Sure, he’s in my class, I study with him. Why?
Oh, nothing. I want him to help me, that’s all.
I have his ‘phone number. Call him!
Ok, thanks!
Sure, he’s in my class, I study with him. Why?
Oh, nothing. I want him to help me, that’s all.
I have his ‘phone number. Call him!
Ok, thanks!
2) Hey Tyler, do you like lemons?
Yea, I really like them.
And do you like rice?
Sure, I like it.
And how about chicken?
Yep, I like that too. Why do you ask me?
I want to make lemon chicken for dinner.
Sounds great!
Yea, I really like them.
And do you like rice?
Sure, I like it.
And how about chicken?
Yep, I like that too. Why do you ask me?
I want to make lemon chicken for dinner.
Sounds great!
3) What’s that?
Oh, it’s a photo of my family. Look, she’s my Mum.
Oh yea, I know her. Who’s he?
He’s my brother, everybody likes him. Look, that’s my father.
Wow, he looks like you. And look at the big dog!
Yea, he’s really big. He looks like you!
Oh, it’s a photo of my family. Look, she’s my Mum.
Oh yea, I know her. Who’s he?
He’s my brother, everybody likes him. Look, that’s my father.
Wow, he looks like you. And look at the big dog!
Yea, he’s really big. He looks like you!
Kosa kata baru:
Know = tahu
with = dengan why = mengapa him = dia (objek) nothing = tidak ada help = bantu me = saya (objek) his = dia (objek) phone number = nomor telpon call = memanggil lemon = jeruk limun them = mereka (objek) rice = nasi |
Sure = tentu
it = dia (objek) chicken = ayam ask = bertanya dinner = makan malam photo = foto family = keluarga look = lihat my = kepunyaan saya everybody = setiap orang father = ayah looks like = terlihat seperti dog = anjing |
Grammar
Exercises
Change
the sentences using Object Pronouns.
Example: I like the teacher.
- I like him.
1. She calls Mary. -
She calls .
2. You eat breakfast
with David. - You eat breakfast with .
3. We don't like fast
food. - We don't like
4.
I
miss my family. - I miss
5. He wants the book. -
He wants ?
6. Max likes David and
me. - Max likes
7. We give present to
Mum at Christmas. - We give presents to .
8. I want to see the
movie. - I want to see .
9. We love to meet
Peter and Julie. - We love to meet .
10. I want to talk to
Paul. - I want to talk to .
Grammar
Exercises 2
Change
the sentences using Object Pronouns.
Example: I like music. - I
like it.
1. I believe Sam. - I
believe .
2. We study English. -
We study in the morning.
3. The teacher teaches
the students. - He teaches math.
4.
Carla
calls David and I. She calls .
5. She is my favorite
singer. - I really like .
6. I like to talk to
Tyler. - I like to talk to .
7. They like sports. -
They play every day.
8. The bookstore is
next to the bank. - The bookstore is next to .
9. Wow! I really like
this scarf. - I want to buy .
10. Dad wants to talk to
you and Jenny. - He wants to talk to .
Dialogue
Exercises
Example: My name is
Jeremy.
1.
Do you know Andy?
Do you know Andy?
Sure,
he's in my class, I study with . Why?
Oh,
nothing. I want him to help , that's all.
I
have his 'phone number. Call !
Ok,
thanks!
2.
Hey Tyler, do you like lemons?
Hey Tyler, do you like lemons?
Yea,
I really like .
And
do you like rice?
Sure,
I like .
And
how about chicken?
Yep,
I like that too. Why do you ask ?
I
want to make lemon chicken for dinner.
Sounds
great!
3.
What's that?
What's that?
Oh,
it's a photo of my . Look, she's my Mum.
Oh
yea, I know . Who's he?
He's
my brother, everybody likes . Look, that's my
father.
Wow,
he looks like you. And look at the big dog!
Yea,
he's really big. He looks like !
Countable/uncountable nouns (kata benda yang dapat
dihitung/tidak dapat dihitung)
1. Kata benda yang dapat dihitung (countable
nouns)
Semua kata benda dapat dihitung atau tidak dapat dihitung. Kata
benda yang dapat dihitung memiliki sifat-sifat berikut:
·
Dapat dihitung secara
langsung, misalnya 1 apel, 2 apel, dll.
·
Dapat dibuat jamak
·
Dapat ditambahkan
artikel a atau an.
2. Kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung
(uncountable nouns)
Kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung memiliki
sifat-sifat berikut:
·
Biasanya tidak bisa
dihitung secara langsung misalnya, 1 uang, 2 uang,
..dll.
·
Biasanya tidak bisa
dibuat jamak
·
Biasanya tidak
ditambahkan artikel a atau an
Kata some sering digunakan
untuk kata benda jamak. Misalnya:
·
I have some apples
·
I have some food
Ini akan dibahas lebih rinci pada pembahasan selanjutnya.
Berikut beberapa kata benda yang dapat dihitung dan tidak dapat
dihitung.
Countable
apple = apel
tree = pohon person = orang dog = anjing kilo = kilo liter = liter |
Uncountable
time = waktu
rice = nasi beef = daging money = uang information = informasi help = bantuan |
Kata benda yang dapat dihitung menunjuk pada
sesuatu yang sifatnya sendiri dan memiliki wujud fisik. Misalnya, a
person (seseorang), a kilo (sekilo).
Kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung sering
menunjuk pada benda-benda yang sifatnya tidak sendiri, dan abstrak. Sebagai
contoh rice (nasi) bukan merupakan benda yang sifatnya
sendiri, nasi ditemukan dalam kumpulan dari ratusan biji-biji kecil. Love(cinta)
dan sadness (kesedihan) adalah hal yang abstrak, tidak
memiliki wujud fisik.
3. Kata benda yang dapat dihitung dan tidak
dapat dihitung
Beberapa kata benda bisa dihitung dan tidak dapat dihitung,
tergantung pada bagaimana cara penggunaannya. Misalnya:
·
Dapat dihitung: A
glass of milk (segelas susu). Disini glass menunjuk pada satu wadah
yang terbuat dari kaca.
·
Tidak dapat dihitung: You
can see through glass (Kamu bisa melihat lewat kaca). Disini
glass/kaca tidak menunjuk pada sesuatu yang tunggal, tetapi menunjuk pada kaca
sebagai sebuah zat.
·
Dapat dihitung: He
has many papers (dia punya banyak kertas). Disini papermenunjuk
pada beberapa dokumen yang sifatnya individual.
·
Tidak dapat dihitung: Paper
is made from wood (kertas terbuat dari kayu). Disini kata paper bukan
merupakan sebuah benda yang sifatnya sendiri, tetapi sebagai zat secara umum.
Untuk dapat membedakan sesuatu apakah dapat dihitung atau tidak
dapat dihitung memerlukan waktu untuk belajar dan hanya bisa dicapai melalui
interaksi yang lama dengan bahasa Inggris. Disamping itu, apa yang terlihat
logis dalam bahasa anda mungkin terlihat sangat tidak logis dalam bahasa
Inggris! Mempelajari sebuah bahasa melibatkan pembelajaran tentang sudut
pandang kebudayaan orang lain.
Contoh penggunaan dalam percakapan:
Kalimat pertama sudah benar, dan kelimat lainnya tidak benar.
1) I have a brother
and two sisters. I love my family. (Benar)
I have brother and two sisters. I love my a family. (Tidak benar)
I have brother and two sisters. I love my a family. (Tidak benar)
2) She has a cheese
sandwich, an apple, and some milk for lunch. (Benar)
She hassome cheese sandwich, a apple, and a milk for lunch.
(Tidak benar)
She has
3) My house is in
London. It has a living-room and two bedrooms. In the morning I study English,
and in the afternoon I work in a store. (Benar)
My house is in a London. (Tidak benar)
In the morning I study an English, and in the afternoon I work in store. (Tidak benar)
My house is in a London. (Tidak benar)
In the morning I study an English, and in the afternoon I work in store. (Tidak benar)
Kosa kata baru:
love = cinta
cheese = keju sandwich = lapis apple = apel milk = susu lunch = makan siang house = rumah |
in = di
London = London living room = ruang tamu bedroom = kamar tidur morning = pagi afternoon = sore store = store |
Grammar
Exercises
Write
"c" if the noun is countable, "uc" if the noun is
uncountable.
Example: tomato - c
1. tree
2. money
3. rice
4. water
5. cup
6. friend
7.
school
8. love
9. table
10. time
Grammar
Exercises 2
Use a
singular or plural verb in the following exercises. Remember uncountable nouns
always take singular nouns.
Example: I like cheese. (like)
1. Milk healthy. (be)
2. Grape juice good. (taste)
3. Grapes delicious. (be)
4. A grape on the floor. (be)
5. Rome (be) a beautiful city.
6. Monkeys bananas. (eat)
7.
Sandwiches good. (be)
8. You great pizza. (make)
9. The pictures beautiful. (look)
10. English interesting. (be)
Dialogue
Exercises
Example: My name is Jeremy.
Please
note that some answers are blank.
1.
I have brother and two sisters. I love my family.
I have brother and two sisters. I love my family.
2.
She has cheese sandwich, apple, and milk for lunch.
She has cheese sandwich, apple, and milk for lunch.
3.
My house is in London. It has living-room and two bedrooms. In the morning I study English, and in afternoon I work in a store.
My house is in London. It has living-room and two bedrooms. In the morning I study English, and in afternoon I work in a store.
Article (the, a, an)
Artikel merupakan sebuah bentuk kata sifat (adjective) yang
menunjukkan seberapa khusus atau seberapa umum sebuah kata kata benda. Ada tiga
jenis artikel, yaitu: the, a/an, dan yang tidak memiliki article (zero
article).
1. A/An – Artikel tak tentu
A digunakan
untuk sesuatu yang tidak tentu. Sebagai contoh:
- I have a book (saya punya sebuah buku). Kalimat ini menandakan bahwa saya tidak memiliki buku spesifik, hanya buku secara umum.
- She lives in a house (dia tinggal di sebuah rumah). Rumah pada kalimat ini hanya merupakan rumah yang umum, bukan rumah spesifik.
A juga digunakan
hanya untuk kata benda tunggal yagn dapat dihitung. Misalnya:
- A book, a chair, a person, a building, etc.
An memiliki makna
yang sama dengan a.
A digunakan di depan kata-kata yang dimulai dengan huruf konsonan, seperti b, c, d, g, p.
An digunakan di depan kata-kata yang dimulai dengan huruf/bunyi vokal seperti a, e, i, o, atau u. Misalnya:
A digunakan di depan kata-kata yang dimulai dengan huruf konsonan, seperti b, c, d, g, p.
An digunakan di depan kata-kata yang dimulai dengan huruf/bunyi vokal seperti a, e, i, o, atau u. Misalnya:
- a bear, a fox, a nespaper
- an apple, an egg, an umbrella
An juga bisa
digunakan di depan kata-kata yang dimulai dengan huruf “h”.
Terkadang An bisa digunakan bisa juga tidak, misalnya: a hotel, atau “an hotel”. Disini bunyi “h” pada kata hotel dilafalkan.
Tetapi terkadang juga An harus digunakan di depan kata yang dimulai dengan huruf “h”. Misalnya: an honor, bukan a honor. Bunyi “h” pada kata honor tidak dilafalkan, sehingga kata ini sebenarnya dimulai dengan bunyi vokal “o”. Jadi, kita perlu menggunakan an.
Terkadang An bisa digunakan bisa juga tidak, misalnya: a hotel, atau “an hotel”. Disini bunyi “h” pada kata hotel dilafalkan.
Tetapi terkadang juga An harus digunakan di depan kata yang dimulai dengan huruf “h”. Misalnya: an honor, bukan a honor. Bunyi “h” pada kata honor tidak dilafalkan, sehingga kata ini sebenarnya dimulai dengan bunyi vokal “o”. Jadi, kita perlu menggunakan an.
2. The – Artikel pasti
The
digunakan untuk sesuatu yang khusus dan pasti dan digunakan untuk sesuatu yang
sebelumnya telah disebutkan. Sebagai contoh:
- Please open the door
- I like the little singer
3. Zero article (tidak menggunakan
article)
Zero article umum
digunakan apabila sesuatu tidak bisa dibedakan apakah termasuk definit (pasti)
atau indefinit (tidak tentu), tetapi hanya ada.
Zero article
digunakan di depan kata benda jamak yang dapat dihitung. Misalnya:
- I
like eggs.
I like an eggs. - Flowers
are beautiful.
A flowers are beautiful.
Zero article
digunakan di depan kata benda tunggal yang tidak dapat dihitung. Misalnya:
- I
like milk.
I like a milk - Soccer
is fun.
The soccer is fun
Zero article
digunakan di depan kata benda khusus/diri (proper noun). Misalnya:
- My
name is Jeremy.
My name is a jeremy. - I
Live in London.
I Live in a London.
Pembahasan diatas hanya merupakan panduan-panduan saja bukan
aturan mutlak, dan penggunaan semua artikel tergantung seluruhnya pada konteks
dan perspektif pembicara. Diperlukan waktu yang lama untuk menguasai artikel,
khususnya jika bahasa asli anda tidak memiliki artikel seperti bahasa
Indonesia, Korea, atau Jepang. Cobalah untuk memahami benda-benda apa saja
termasuk definit (pasti/tentu) dan yang tidak tentu (indefinit) dari sudut
pandang bahasa Inggris, dan semakin banyak anda mempelajari bahasa Inggris
kepercayaan diri dan kemampuan anda dengan artikel akan berkembang.
Contoh penggunaan dalam percakapan
Kalimat pertama sudah betul, dan kalimat lainnya tidak
benar.
1) I play soccer
and basketball. I like to study English but I don’t like math. (benar)
I play a soccer and a basketball. I like to studya English but I don’t
like a math. (tidak benar)
I play a soccer and a basketball. I like to study
2) My
bedroom has a door and a window. (Benar)
My bedroom hasthe door and the window. (Tidak benar)
Please open the door. (Benar)
Please open door. (Tidak benar)
My bedroom has
Please open the door. (Benar)
Please open door. (Tidak benar)
3) Where do you
live?
I live in Chicago.
(I live in a Chicago – Tidak benar)
And what do you do?
I’m a vet. I help animals.
( I help an animals – Tidak benar)
I live in Chicago.
(I live in a Chicago – Tidak benar)
And what do you do?
I’m a vet. I help animals.
( I help an animals – Tidak benar)
Kosa kata baru:
Soccer = sepakbola
basketball = bola basket math = matematika bedroom = kamar tidur door = pintu window = jendela please = silakan |
open = buka
live = tinggal/hidup Chicago = Chicago vet = dokter hewan help = membantu animal = hewan |
Grammar
Exercises
Use
the correct article: "a", "the", or " " (zero
article).
Example: I like _____
oranges. (zero article)
Example: I want an orange.
Example: I want an orange.
1. I have book.
book is really
interesting.
2. My pen is on table.
3.
I am
teacher.
4. teacher at my school
is really nice.
5. What is it? It's elephant.
6. We live in Portugal.
7. I have rice and chicken for lunch
8. A chick is baby chicken.
Grammar
Exercises 2
Use
the correct article: "a", "the", or " " (zero
article).
Example: I like _____
oranges. (zero article)
Example: I want an orange.
Example: I want an orange.
1. Do you want drink?
2. writer writes books.
3. artist paints
pictures.
4.
Do
you like soccer?
5. Let's go to department store.
6. I like to listen to music.
7. I like to listen to
radio.
8. He studies art and math.
9. I'm sick, I need to
see doctor.
Dialogue Exercises
Example:
My name is Jeremy.
Please note that some answers are
blank.
1.
I play soccer and basketball. I like to study English but I don't like math.
I play soccer and basketball. I like to study English but I don't like math.
2.
My bedroom has door and window.
My bedroom has door and window.
Please open door.
3.
Where do you live?
Where do you live?
I live in Chicago.
And what do you do?
I'm vet.
I help animals.
Plural nouns (kata benda jamak)
Akhiran -s : Kata
jamak umumnya dibuat dengan menambahkan -s di belakang kata benda yang bersangkutan.
Misalnya:
Cat – cats, tree – trees, building – buildings.
Cat – cats, tree – trees, building – buildings.
Ada beberapa pengecualian untuk kaidah ini, berikut beberapa
contoh yang paling umum.
Akhiran -es : Kata benda yang diakhiri dengan huruf -o,
-s, -x, -z, -ch, dan -sh biasanya ditambahkan -es di belakang kata. Misalnya:
tomatoes, dresses, foxes, quizzes, watches, stashes.
tomatoes, dresses, foxes, quizzes, watches, stashes.
Akhiran
-ies : Pada
kata benda yang diakhiri dengan huruf kosonan dan -y, huruf -y biasanya diganti
dengan -ies.
Misalnya:
Country – countries, party – parties.
Country – countries, party – parties.
Akhiran
-ves : Pada
kata benda yang diakhiri dengan huruf -f, huruf -f biasanya digantikan dengan -ves.
Misalnya:
wife – wives, knife, knives, elf – elves.
wife – wives, knife, knives, elf – elves.
Seperti biasanya, mengingat kaidah-kaidah ini kemungkinan kurang
membantu dan jauh kurang menarik dibanding dengan penggunaan langsung dalam
praktik dan sekaligus mempelajarinya. Siapkan sedikit waktu untuk latihan.
Contoh
penggunaan dalam percakapan
1) What’s on your shopping list?
4 tomatoes, some carrots, 2 kilos of potatoes, 6 oranges, some cherries, 2 bottles of grape juice, a box of strawberries, 6 bottles of water, and some chicken. What about you?
Er, 5 pizzas and some soda.
Let’s go to the supermarket together. You need help!
4 tomatoes, some carrots, 2 kilos of potatoes, 6 oranges, some cherries, 2 bottles of grape juice, a box of strawberries, 6 bottles of water, and some chicken. What about you?
Er, 5 pizzas and some soda.
Let’s go to the supermarket together. You need help!
2) I need some new clothes.
Me too, I need some trousers and shirts.
I need shoes, a couple of scarves for winter, and two dresses.
So let’s go shopping this afternoon.
Good idea!
Me too, I need some trousers and shirts.
I need shoes, a couple of scarves for winter, and two dresses.
So let’s go shopping this afternoon.
Good idea!
3) What do we need for tonight?
We need french fries, burgers, and some soda.
How about some fruit and potato chips?
OK, sounds great.
We need french fries, burgers, and some soda.
How about some fruit and potato chips?
OK, sounds great.
Kosa kata baru:
Shopping
= belanja
list = daftar tomatoes = tomat carrots = wortel kilo = kilo potatoes = kentang oranges = jeruk cherries = buah cherry bottle = botol grape = anggur juice = jus box = kotak strawberries = stroberi water = air pizza = pizza soda = soda |
Supermarket
= supermarket
need = butuh new clothes = pakaian baru trousers = celana panjang shirt = baju kaos shoes = sepatu couple = pasangan scarf = selendang scarves = selandang (jamak) winter = musim dingin dress = pakaian this = ini good idea = ide yang bagus tonight = malam ini potato chips = kerupuk kentang |
Grammar
Exercises
Write
the plural form of these nouns.
Example: tree - trees
1. bird
2. girl
3. house
4. tomato
5. fox
6. dress
7. child
8. woman
9. country
10. building
Grammar
Exercises 2
Write
the plural form of the nouns in brackets.
Example: I have some oranges. (orange)
1. Do you like ? (cherry)
2. Where are my ? (key)
3. Tara goes to at the weekend. (party)
4. Don't play with . (knife)
5. Jim has three at home. (dog)
6. He needs new . (shoe)
7. One
fish, two . (fish)
8. Italy has beautiful . (city)
9. I like , they're really fun. (quiz)
10. The are finished. (question)
Dialogue
Exercises
Example: My name is Jeremy.
1.
What's on your shopping list?
What's on your shopping list?
4 , some carrots, 2 kilos of potatoes, 6 , some cherries, 2 bottles of grape , a box of strawberries, 6 bottles of
water, and some chicken. What about you?
Er, 5
pizzas and some .
Let's
go to the supermarket together. You need help!
2.
I need some new .
I need some new .
Me too,
I need some trousers and shirts.
I need
shoes, a couple of for winter, and two .
So
let's go shopping this afternoon.
Good
idea!
3.
What do we need for tonight?
What do we need for tonight?
We need
french , burgers, and some soda.
How
about some and potato ?
OK,
sounds great.
Demonstratives (kata penunjuk – this, that, these, those)
This/that/these/those menunjukkan
jarak relatif antara orang sedang berbicara dan sebuah kata benda.
This menunjuk
pada sesuatu yang terletak di dekat orang yang sedang bicara, that menunjuk
pada sesuatu yang jauh dari orang yang sedang bicara. These adalah
bentuk jamak dari this, dan those adalah bentuk jamak dari that..
Perhatikan gambar berikut:
Terkadang kata-kata penunjuk juga bisa menjadi kata ganti,
misalnya:
- “This is my Mom.” Mom sedang berada di dekat pembicara
- “These are my books”. Books sedang berada di dekat pembicara
- “I don’t like that.” Saya tidak menyukai sesuatu (yang sedang jauh dari saya)
Terkadang kata-kata penunjuk juga bisa menjadi kata sifat,
misalnya:
- That man is a doctor
- I like those jackets
- I don’t like that movie
Contoh penggunaan dalam percakapan
1) Hey, these hot
dogs look good.
Yep, I like them too. Try some of those tacos as well, they’re delicious.
OK. And what’s this?
That’s chicken soup, it’s really good too. Eat up!
Yep, I like them too. Try some of those tacos as well, they’re delicious.
OK. And what’s this?
That’s chicken soup, it’s really good too. Eat up!
2) Do
you like this sweater?
Yea, that looks good. I like this one as well.
Oh yea, that looks great! It goes well with these shorts.
And these boots are cool as well. Try them on!
Oh yea. I want the shorts, boots, and the sweater.
Let’s buy them!
Yea, that looks good. I like this one as well.
Oh yea, that looks great! It goes well with these shorts.
And these boots are cool as well. Try them on!
Oh yea. I want the shorts, boots, and the sweater.
Let’s buy them!
3) These
pants are really big.
Look at these pants. They’re so small!
How about those shoes?
Which shoes?
Look, those. They look really weird.
Come on, let’s go to a different store. We need the right size!
Look at these pants. They’re so small!
How about those shoes?
Which shoes?
Look, those. They look really weird.
Come on, let’s go to a different store. We need the right size!
Kosa kata baru:
These = ini (jamak)
hot dog = hot dog try = coba taco = taco as well = juga delicious = lezat and = dan soup = sup sweater = sweater looks good = kelihatan bagus this one = yang ini |
Shorts = celana pendek
boots = sepatu boot cool = dingin pants = celana so = begitu small = kecil which = yang mana weird = aneh different = berbeda right = benar/tepat size = ukuran |
Grammar
Exercises
Complete
the sentences using this, that, these or those.
Example: I like this
picture. (this, these)
1. is a red box.
2. is a blue box.
3. are boxes.
4.
are boxes
5. is a red box and is a blue box.
Grammar
Exercises 2
Complete
the sentences using this, that, these or those.
Example: I like this
picture. (this, these)
1. shirt looks great.
(That, Those)
(That, Those)
2. Look at man over there.
(this, that)
(this, that)
3. is a beautiful day
today.
(That, This)
(That, This)
4.
Do
you like flowers?
(that, those)
(that, those)
5. What are the answers
to questions?
(this, these)
(this, these)
6. I love shoes but I don't
like shirt.
(these, that), (those, that)
(these, that), (those, that)
7. Let's watch a movie.
a good idea.
(This is, That's)
a good idea.
(This is, That's)
8. Whose house is ?
(those, that)
(those, that)
9. This book isn't very
good , but book's great.
(that, this)
(that, this)
Dialogue
Exercises
Example: My name is
Jeremy.
1.
Hey, hot dogs look good.
Hey, hot dogs look good.
Yep,
I like too. Try some of tacos as well,
they're delicious.
OK.
And what's this?
's chicken soup, it's
really good too. Eat up!
2.
Do you like sweater?
Do you like sweater?
Yea,
looks good. I like
this one as well.
Oh
yea, that looks great! It goes well with shorts.
And
these boots are cool as well. Try them on!
Oh
yea. I want the shorts, boots, and the sweater.
Let's
buy them!
3.
These pants are really big.
These pants are really big.
Look
at pants. They're so
small!
How
about shoes?
Which
shoes?
Look,
those. look really weird.
sumber: http://englishonline.blogdetik.com/kursus-online/
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